MODUL 1 TEMPERATUR DETECTOR
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS (RTDs)
Temperature
RTD Construction
THERMOCOUPLES
Thermocouple Construction
Thermocouple Operation
FUNCTIONAL USES OF TEMPERATURE DETECTORS
Functions of Temperature Detectors
Detector Problems
Environmental Concerns .
TEMPERATURE DETECTION CIRCUITRY
Bridge Circuit Construction
Bridge Circuit Operation
Temperature Detection Circuit
Temperature Compensation
MODUL 2 PRESSURE DETECTORS
PRESSURE DETECTORS
Bellows-Type Detectors
Bourdon Tube-Type Detectors
Summary
PRESSURE DETECTOR FUNCTIONAL USES
Pressure Detector Functions
Detector Failure
Environmental Concerns
PRESSURE DETECTION CIRCUITRY
Resistance-Type Transducers
Inductance-Type Transducers
Capacitive-Type Transducers
Detection Circuitry
MODUL 3 LEVEL DETECTORS
LEVEL DETECTORS
Gauge Glass
Ball Float
Chain Float
Magnetic Bond Method
Conductivity Probe Method
Differential Pressure Level Detectors
DENSITY COMPENSATION
Specific Volume
Reference Leg Temperature Considerations
Pressurizer Level Instruments
Steam Generator Level Instrument
LEVEL DETECTION CIRCUITRY
Remote Indication
Environmental Concerns
MODUL 4 FLOW DETECTORS
HEAD FLOW METERS
Orifice Plate
Venturi Tube
Dall Flow Tube
Pitot Tube .
OTHER FLOW METERS
Area Flow Meter
Displacement Meter
Hot-Wire Anemometer
Electromagnetic Flowmeter
Ultrasonic Flow Equipment
STEAM FLOW DETECTION
FLOW CIRCUITRY
Circuitry .
Use of Flow Indication
Environmental Concerns
MODUL 5 POSITION INDICATORS
SYNCHRO EQUIPMENT
Synchro Equipment
SWITCHES
Limit Switches
Reed Switches
VARIABLE OUTPUT DEVICES
Potentiometer
Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT)
Summary
POSITION INDICATION CIRCUITRY
Environmental Concerns
MODUL 6 RADIATION DETECTORS
OBJECTIVES
RADIATION DETECTION TERMINOLOGY
Electron-Ion Pair
Specific Ionization
Stopping Power
Summary
RADIATION TYPES
Alpha Particle
Beta Particle
Gamma Ray
Neutron .
GAS-FILLED DETECTOR
Summary
DETECTOR VOLTAGE
Applied Voltage
Summary
PROPORTIONAL COUNTER
MODUL 7 PROCESS CONTROLS
PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
Introduction
Terminology
Automatic Control System
Functions of Automatic Control
Elements of Automatic Control
Feedback Control
CONTROL LOOP DIAGRAMS .
Terminology
Feedback Control System Block Diagram
Process Time Lags
Stability of Automatic Control Systems
TWO POSITION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Controllers
Two Position Controller
Example of Two Position Control
Modes of Automatic Control .
PROPORTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
Control Mode
Proportional Band
Example of a Proportional Process Control System
RESET (INTEGRAL) CONTROL SYSTEMS
Reset Control (Integral)
Definition of Integral Control
Example of an Integral Flow Control System
Properties of Integral Control
PROPORTIONAL PLUS RESET CONTROL SYSTEMS
Proportional Plus Reset
Example of Proportional Plus Reset Control
Reset Windup
PROPORTIONAL PLUS RATE CONTROL SYSTEMS
Proportional-Derivative
Definition of Derivative Control
Example of Proportional Plus Rate Control
Applications
PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS
Proportional-Integral-Derivative
Proportional Plus Reset Plus Rate Controller Actions
CONTROLLERS
Controllers
Control Stations
Self-Balancing Control Stations
VALVE ACTUATORS
Actuators
Pneumatic Actuators
Hydraulic Actuators
Electric Solenoid Actuators
Electric Motor Actuators
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[...] CHAPTER 5 EXTERNAL COMPONENTS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Ductwork 5.3 Dampers and Louvers 5.4 Fans and Motors 5.5 Air Intakes and Stacks 5.6 Instrumentation and Control 5.7 Other Considerations [...]
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