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Instrumentation amplifier handbook

File : pdf, 1.75 MB, 116 pages

TOC

1. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS
Overview

2. THE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE SENSOR
Error Sources

3. AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGIES
The Difference Amplifier
The “Classical” Three Op Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
Internal vs. External Gain Setting Resistors
The Two Op Amp Instrumentation Amplifier

4. AVOIDING INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER PITFALLS
Input Bias Current Effects
Avoiding the “Reference Pin” Trap
A Common Mistake: Floating Inputs
Common- Mode Voltage Limitations
Calculating Common Mode Voltage Range Painlessly
Maintaining “Truth In Output”
Noise Filtering The IA Input The Wrong Way—Making A Bad Situation Worse

5. SOLVING THE GROUND LOOP PROBLEM
What Are “Ground Loops”?
Op Amps and Ground Loops
Instrumentation Amplifiers and Ground Loops

6. OFFSET VOLTAGE TRIM
Trimming Offset Voltage At The Input
Trimming Offset Voltage Using REF Pin

7. BOOSTING THE OUTPUT
Driving Heavy Loads : The Wrong Way
Driving Heavy Loads : The Right Way
APPLICATION CIRCUITS: GENERAL
A +/-20V Input Diff Amp With +/-200V CMV Applications Circuit
Two and Three Op Amp IA Applications
Difference Amplifier Applications In Single- Ended Circuits

8. APPLICATIONS CIRCUITS: AUDIO
Low Noise Applications
Low Distortion Applications

9. DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER INPUT RESISTANCE
APPLICATIONS CIRCUITS: CURRENT MEASUREMENT
Current Shunts
Low-Side Current Sensing
High- Side Current Sensing

10. MICROPOWER  & BATTERY – POWERED  APPLICATIONS
Single Supply Considerations
Minimizing Supply Current

11. APPLICATIONS CIRCUITS: UNUSUAL
Extending Common Mode Range To 1kV
An Adjustable Gain Difference Amplifier
Advantages Of Assymmetrical Power Supplies
VLF & LF Loop Antenna Amplifiers

12. APPLICATIONS CIRCUITS: OPTOELECTRONICS
Differential Photodetectors (“Edge Detectors”)
X-Y Position (Quadrant) Detectors
CW Diode Laser Current Driver

13. SELECTING YOUR INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
Sensor Source Impedance Considerations
Very High Impedance Sensor
Very Low Impedance Sensor
Power Supply Constraints
Common Mode Voltage Range Requirements
Improving Common Mode Rejection
Bandwidth And Settling Time
Noise And Distortion
“Rail- To- Rail” Input & Output Swing

14. RFI PROBLEMS
Input Rectification- the Most Common Problem
Typical Instrumentation Amplifier Swept- Power RFI Tests
Input RFI Filtering
Other RFI Considerations

15. MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS CIRCUITS
Absolute- Value Amplifier
AVOIDING DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER PITFALLS
Adding External Resistors—Don’t!!
Adding External Resistors—Sometimes?

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