File : pdf, 8 MB, 163 pages
TOC
Chapter 1
Human Factors
Introduction
Sensory Systems for Orientation
Illusions Leading to Spatial Disorientation
Inner Ear
The Leans
Coriolis Illusion
Graveyard Spiral
Somatogravic Illusion
Inversion Illusion
Elevator Illusion
Visual
False Horizon
Autokinesis
Postural
Demonstrating Spatial Disorientation
Tilting to Right or Left
Reversal of Motion
Diving or Rolling Beyond the Vertical Plane
Coping with Spatial Disorientation
Optical Illusions
How to Prevent Landing Errors Due to Visual Illusions
Vision Under Dim and Bright Illumination
Physiological and Psychological Factors
Fatigue
IMSAFE Checklist
Aeronautical Decision Making
The DECIDE Model
Hazardous Attitudes and Antidotes
Chapter 2
Aerodynamic Factors
Introduction
Review of Basic Aerodynamics
The Four Forces
Atmosphere
Standard Atmosphere
Pressure Altitude
Density Altitude
Lift
Pitch/Power Relationship
Drag Curves
Regions of Command
Control Characteristics
Speed Stability
Trim
Slow-Speed Flight
Climbs
Acceleration in Cruise Flight
Radius of Turn
Coordination of Rudder and Aileron Controls
Load Factor
Effects of Icing
Chapter 3
Flight Instruments
Introduction
Pitot-Static Systems
Position Error
Pitot-Static Instruments
Sensitive Altimeter
Principle of Operation
Altimeter Errors
Encoding Altimeter
Absolute Altimeter
Airspeed Indicators
Types of Airspeed
Airspeed Color Codes
Vertical Speed Indicators (VSI)
Compass Systems
Magnetic Compass
Compass Errors
Vertical Card Magnetic Compasses
Flux Gate Compass
Remote Indicating Compass
Gyroscopic Systems
Gyroscopic Instruments
Flight Director Systems
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)
Attitude Director Indicator (ADI)
Instrument Systems Preflight Procedures
Chapter 4
Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying
Introduction
Control and Performance Method
Control Instruments
Performance Instruments
Navigation Instruments
Procedural Steps
Attitude Control
Primary and Supporting Method
Fundamental Skills
Cross-Check
Selected Radial Cross-Check
Inverted-V Cross-Check
The Rectangular Cross-Check
Common Cross-Check Errors
Instrument Interpretation
Aircraft Control
Chapter 5
Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers
Introduction
Straight-and-Level Flight
Pitch Control
Attitude Indicator
Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Airspeed Indicator
Bank Control
Attitude Indicator
Heading Indicator
Turn Coordinator
Power Control
Power Settings
Airspeed Changes in Straight-and-Level Flight
Trim Technique
Common Errors in Straight-and-Level Flight
Common Errors in Straight Climbs and Descents
Common Errors in Turns
Errors During Compass Turns
Approach to Stall
Unusual Attitudes and Recoveries
Common Errors in Unusual Attitudes
Instrument Takeoff
Common Errors in Instrument Takeoffs
Basic Instrument Flight Patterns
Racetrack Pattern
Standard Procedure Turn
80/260 Procedure Turn
Teardrop Pattern
Circling Approaches Pattern
Chapter 6
Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying
Introduction
Flight Instruments
Instrument Flight
Instrument Cross-Check
Instrument Interpretation
Aircraft Control
Straight-and-Level Flight
Pitch Control
Attitude Indicator
Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Common Errors During Straight-and-Level Flight
Power Control During Straight-and-Level Flight
Common Errors During Airspeed Changes
Common Errors During Straight Climbs and Descents
Common Errors During Turns
Unusual Attitudes
Common Errors During Unusual Autorotations
Common Errors During Autorotations
Servo Failure
Instrument Takeoff
Common Errors During Instrument Takeoffs
Chapter 7
Navigation Systems
Introduction
Basic Radio Principles
How Radio Waves Propagate
Ground Wave
Sky Wave
Space Wave
Disturbances to Radio Wave Reception
Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)
Very-High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
Long Range Navigation (LORAN)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Inertial Navigation System (INS)
Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)
Simplified Directional Facility (SDF)
Localizer Type Directional Aid (LDA)
Microwave Landing System (MLS)
Flight Management Systems (FMS)
Head-up Display (HUD)
Radar Navigation (Ground Based)
Chapter 8
The National Airspace System
Introduction
Airspace Classification
Special Use Airspace
Federal Airways
Other Routing
IFR En Route Charts
Airport Information
Charted IFR Altitudes
Navigation Features
Types of NAVAIDs
Identifying Intersections
Other Route Information
Weather Information and Communication Features
U.S. Terminal Procedures Publications
Departure Procedures (DPs)
Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs)
Instrument Approach Procedures Charts (IAPs)
Course Reversal Elements in Plan View and Profile View
Procedure Turns
Holding in Lieu of Procedure Turn
Teardrop Procedure
Terminal Arrival Area (TAA)
Chapter 9
The Air Traffic Control System
Introduction
Communication Equipment
Navigation/Communication (NAV/COM) Equipment
Radar and Transponders
Mode C (Altitude Reporting)
Communication Procedures
Communication Facilities
Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSS)
Air Traffic Control Towers
Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON)
Tower En Route Control (TEC)
Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC)
Center Approach/Departure Control
Control Sequence
Letters of Agreement (LOA)
Chapter 10
IFR Flight
Introduction
Sources of Flight Planning Information
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)
Notices to Airmen Publication (NTAP)
POH/AFM
IFR Flight Plan
Filing in Flight
Canceling IFR Flight Plans
Departure Procedures (DPs)
Radar Controlled Departures
Departures from Airports Without an Operating Control Tower
En Route Procedures
ATC Reports
Position Reports
Additional Reports
Planning the Descent and Approach
Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs)
Substitutes for Inoperative or Unusable Components
Holding Procedures
Standard Holding Pattern (No Wind)
Standard Holding Pattern (With Wind)
Compliance with Published Standard Instrument Approach Procedures
Instrument Approaches to Civil Airports
Approach to Airport Without an Operating Control Tower
Approach to Airport With an Operating Tower, With No Approach Control
Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control
Chapter 11
Emergency Operations
Introduction
Unforecast Adverse Weather
Inadvertent Thunderstorm Encounter
Inadvertent Icing Encounter
Precipitation Static
Aircraft System Malfunctions
Alternator/Generator Failure
Instrument Failure
Pneumatic System Failure
Pitot/Static System Failure
Communication/Navigation System Malfunction
Loss of Situational Awareness (SA)
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