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TOC

1. Introduction
PART A: COMMON ASPECTS OF BIOFUELS
2. Biomass Potential
3. Biofuel Policies
3.1. Biofuel Policy in the EU
3.2. Market Barriers of Biofuels
3.3. Biofuel Standardization
3.4. International Trade of Biofuels

4. Biofuel Life Cycle
4.1. Energy Balance Methodologies
4.2. Biofuel Emissions
4.3. Sustainability of Biofuels
4.4. Economy of Biofuels
4.5. Consideration of Co-Products

PART B: TYPES OF BIOFUELS
5. Bioethanol
5.1. Feedstock Production
5.2. Bioethanol Production
5.2.1 Sugar-to-Ethanol Process
5.2.2 Starch-to-Ethanol Process
5.2.3 Cellulose-to-Ethanol Process
5.2.4 Distillation and Dehydration Process
5.3. Properties of Bioethanol
5.4. Technology Applications for Bioethanol
5.5. Standardization of Bioethanol
5.6. Energy Balance of Bioethanol
5.7. Bioethanol Emissions
5.8. Sustainability of Bioethanol
5.9. Economy of Bioethanol

6. Lipid Derived Biofuels
6.1. Feedstock Production
6.2. Fuel production
6.3. Properties and Use of Lipid Biofuels
6.3.1 Properties of Pure Plant Oil (PPO)
6.3.2 Properties of Biodiesel
6.4. Technology Applications for Lipid Biofuels
6.4.1 Compression Ignition Engines for Biodiesel Use
6.4.2 Compression Ignition Engines for PPO Use
6.5. Standardization of Lipid Biofuels
6.6. Energy Balance of Lipid Biofuels
6.7. Emissions of Lipid Biofuels
6.8. Sustainability of Lipid Biofuels
6.9. Economy of Lipid Biofuels

7. BtL Fuels
7.1. Feedstock Production
7.2. BtL Production
7.2.1 Gasification
7.2.2 Gas Cleaning
7.2.3 Synthesis Process
7.3. Properties and Emissions of BtL Fuels

8. Biomethane
8.1. Feedstock Production
8.2. Biomethane Production
8.2.1 Digestion Process
8.2.2 Digester Types
8.2.3 Biogas purification
8.3. Properties and Use of Biomethane
8.4. Technology Applications for Biomethane
8.4.1 Infrastructure Requirements for Biomethane
8.4.2 Vehicle Technologies for Biomethane
8.5. Standardization of Biomethane
8.6. Biomethane Emissions
8.6.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
8.6.2 Toxic Exhaust Emissions
8.7. Sustainability of Biomethane
8.8. Economy of Biomethane

9. Biohydrogen
9.1. Biohydrogen Processing
9.2. Use of Biohydrogen

PART C: THE FUTURE OF BIOFUELS
10.  1  vs. 2  Generation Biofuels
11.  Integrated Refining Concepts
12.  Strategies for New Vehicle  Technologies
13.  Glossary and Abbreviations

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