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Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water

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TOC

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Related Criteria
1.3 Solar Energy
1.3.1 Solar Radiation
1.3.2 Collecting Solar Energy
1.3.3 Solar Collector Orientation
1.3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages

2.0 SOLAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS
2.1 Collectors
2.1.1 Liquid and Air-Type Collectors
2.1.2 Selective Surfaces
2.1.3 Collector Covers (Glazes)
2.1.4 Collector Insulation
2.1.5 Collector Housings
2.1.6 Collector Gaskets and Sealants
2.1.7 Collector Fluids – Corrosion and Freeze Protection
2.1.7.1 Silicone Fluids
2.1.7.2 Hydrocarbons
2.1.7.3 Distilled Water
2.1.7.4 Water/Antifreeze
2.1.8 Collector Connections
2.1.9 Collector Efficiency and Heat Losses
2.1.10 Other Types of Solar Collectors
2.1.10.1 Evacuated-Tube Collectors
2.1.10.2 Concentrating Collectors
2.2 Energy Storage and Auxiliary Heat
2.2.1 Storage Tanks
2.3 Domestic Hot Water Systems (DHW)
2.4 Thermosyphon, Batch, and Integral Storage Collector Systems
2.5 Space Heating and DHW Systems
2.5.1 Heat Distribution for Liquid-Type Solar Systems
2.5.2 Heat Distribution for Air-Type Solar Systems
2.5.3 Heat Pumps
2.6 Passive Systems
2.7 Solar Cooling Systems
2.7.1 Absorption Cooling
2.7.2 Bankine Cycle Heat Engine Cooling
2.7.3 Desiccant Cooling
2.7.4 Other Cooling Methods
2.7.5 Estimating System Size
2.8 System Controls
2.9 Piping, Pumps, Valves
2.9.1 Pipe and Header Sizing
2.9.2 Pumps and Collector Flowrate
2.9.3 Valves
2.10 Other Considerations
2.10.1 Architectural
2.10.2 Reduction of Heat Losses
2.10.3 Maintenance and Accessibility
2.10.4 Contract Submittals Required

3.0 DESIGN METHODS
3.1 Job Summary – Worksheet A
3.2 Solar Collector Parameters – Worksheet B
3.3 Load Calculations – Worksheet C-1
3.4 Demand Calculations – DHW – Worksheet C-2
3.5 Monthly Solar Collection Parameters – Worksheet D-1
3.6 Fraction of Load Supplied by Solar Heat – Worksheet D-2
3.7 Economic Analysis
3.7.1 Fuel Savings – Worksheet E-1
3.7.2 Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
3.7.3 Present Worth Analysis and Savings Investment Ratio
3.8 Collector Temperatures – Worksheet E-1
3.9 Solar System Cost – Worksheet F
3.10 Additional Costs – Worksheet G
3.11 Sizing the Heat Exchanges for Space Heating
3.12 Air-Heating Collector Design – Worksheet H
3.13 Worksheets

4.0 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
4.1 Discussion of Example 1, Space Heating and DHW System
4.1.1 Example 1 – Worksheets

5.0 DIRECTORY OF SOLAR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
5.1 Manufacturers Directories
5.2 Manufacturers of Flat Plate Collectors and Other Solar Hot Water Equipment

6.0 REFERENCES (*) AND SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

7.0 LIST OF SYMBOLS

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