File : pdf, 2.4 MB, 32 pages
by Intelligent Energy Europe Programme
source : leonardo-energy.com
TOC
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Profitable Solutions Contributing to European Targets
1.2 European Distribution Transformer Characteristics
2 Losses in transformers
2.1 Definition of transformer losses
2.1.1 Extra losses due to harmonics
2.2 Losses in European Distribution Transformers
2.3 Transformer losses standards
3 Cost of losses
3.1 Annual energy losses and cost of these losses
3.2 Life cycle cost of transformers
3.3 Price of a transformer
3.4 Electricity price
3.5 Time value of money – interest rate
3.6 Lifetime
3.7 Loading profile and Load factor
3.8 Other aspects; technical (cos phi, harmonics), operational and environmental (climate change
mitigation, ecodesign)
3.9 Sensitivity analysis
4 Energy-efficient transformers
4.1 Traditional technologies
4.2 Superconducting transformers
4.3 Amorphous transformers
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