The Fundamentals of Stellar Astrophysics
TOC
Chapt 1 Introduction and Fundamental Principles
1.1 Stationary or “Steady” Properties of matter
a Phase Space and Phase Density
b Macrostates and Microstates.
c Probability and Statistical Equilibrium
d Quantum Statistics
e Statistical Equilibrium for a Gas
f Thermodynamic Equilibrium – Strict and Local
1.2 Transport Phenomena
a. Boltzmann Transport Equation
b. Homogeneous Boltzmann Transport Equation and Liouville’s Theorem
c. Moments of the Boltzmann Transport Equation and Conservation Laws
1.3 Equation of State for the Ideal Gas and Degenerate Matter
Chapt 2 Basic Assumptions, Theorems, and Polytropes
2.1 Basic Assumptions
2.2 Integral Theorems from Hydrostatic Equilibrium
a Limits of State Variables
b B* Theorem and Effects of Radiation Pressure
2.3 Homology Transformations
2.4 Polytropes
a Polytropic Change and the Lane-Emden Equation
b Mass-Radius Relationship for Polytropes
c Homology Invariants
d Isothermal Sphere
e Fitting Polytropes Together
Chapt 3 Sources and Sinks of Energy
3.1 “Energies” of Stars
a Gravitational Energy
b Rotational Energy
c Nuclear Energy
3.2 Time Scales
a Dynamical Time Scale
b Kelvin-Helmholtz (Thermal) Time Scale
c Nuclear (Evolutionary) Time Scale
3.3 Generation of Nuclear Energy
a General Properties of the Nucleus
b The Bohr Picture of Nuclear Reactions
c Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections
d Nuclear Reaction Rates
e Specific Nuclear Reactions
Chapt 4 Flow of Energy through the Star and Construction of Stellar Models
4.1 The Ionization, Abundances, and Opacity of Stellar Material
a Ionization and the Mean Molecular Weight
b Opacity
4.2 Radiative Transport and the Radiative Temperature Gradient
a Radiative Equilibrium
b Thermodynamic Equilibrium and Net Flux
c Photon Transport and the Radiative Gradient
d Conservation of Energy and the Luminosity
4.3 Convective Energy Transport
a Adiabatic Temperature Gradient
b Energy Carried by Convection
4.4 Energy Transport by Conduction
a Mean Free Path
b Heat Flow
4.5 Convective Stability
a Efficiency of Transport Mechanisms
b Schwarzschild Stability Criterion
4.6 Equations of Stellar Structure
4.7 Construction of a Model Stellar Interior
a Boundary Conditions
b Schwarzschild Variables and Method
c Henyey Relaxation Method for Construction of Stellar Models
Chapt 5
Theory of Stellar Evolution
5.1 The Ranges of Stellar Masses, Radii, and Luminosity
5.2 Evolution onto the Main Sequence
a Problems concerning the Formation of Stars
b Contraction out of the Interstellar Medium
c Contraction onto the Main Sequence
5.3 The Structure and Evolution of Main Sequence Stars
a Lower Main Sequence Stars
b Upper Main Sequence Stars
5.4 Post Main Sequence Evolution
a Evolution off the Lower Main Sequence
b Evolution away from the Upper Main Sequence
c The Effect of Mass-loss on the Evolution of Stars
5.5 Summary and Recapitulation
a Core Contraction – Envelope Expansion: Simple Reasons
b Calculated Evolution of a 5 M star
Chapt 6 Relativistic Stellar Structure
6.1 Field Equations of the General Theory of Relativity
6.2 Oppenheimer-Volkoff Equation of Hydrostatic Equilibrium
a Schwarzschild Metric
b Gravitational Potential and Hydrostatic Equilibrium
6.3 Equations of Relativistic Stellar Structure and Their Solutions
a A Comparison of Structure Equations
b A Simple Model
c Neutron Star Structure
6.4 Relativistic Polytrope of Index 3
a Virial Theorem for Relativistic Stars
b Minimum Radius for White Dwarfs
c Minimum Radius for Super-massive Stars
6.5 Fate of Super-massive Stars
a Eddington Luminosity
b Equilibrium Mass-Radius Relation
c Limiting Masses for Super-massive Stars
Chapt 7 Structure of Distorted Stars
7.1 Classical Distortion: The Structure Equations
a A Comparison of Structure Equations
b Structure Equations for Cylindrical Symmetry
7.2 Solution of Structure Equations for a Perturbing Force
a Perturbed Equation of Hydrostatic Equilibrium
b Number of Perturbative Equations versus Number of Unknowns
7.3 Von Zeipel’s Theorem and Eddington-Sweet Circulation Currents
a Von Zeipel’s Theorem
b Eddington-Sweet Circulation Currents
7.4 Rotational Stability and Mixing
a Shear Instabilities
b Chemical Composition Gradient and Suppression of Mixing
c Additional Types of Instabilities
Chapt 8 Stellar Pulsation and Oscillation
8.1 Linear Adiabatic Radial Oscillations
a Stellar Oscillations and the Variational Virial theorem
b Effect of Magnetic Fields and Rotation on Radial Oscillations
c Stability and the Variational Virial Theorem
d Linear Adiabatic Wave Equation
8.2 Linear Nonadiabatic Radial Oscillations
a Adiabatic Exponents
b Nonadiabatic Effects and Pulsational Stability
c Constructing Pulsational Models
d Pulsational Behavior of Stars
8.3 Nonradial Oscillations
a Nature and Form of Oscillations
b Homogeneous Model and Classification of Modes
c Toroidal Oscillations
d Nonradial Oscillations and Stellar Structure
Epilogue to Part I: Stellar Interiors
Part II Stellar Atmospheres
Chapt 9
The Flow of Radiation Through the Atmosphere
9.1 Basic Assumptions for the Stellar Atmosphere
a Breakdown of Strict Thermodynamic Equilibrium
b Assumption of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
c Continuum and Spectral Lines
d Additional Assumptions of Normal Stellar Atmospheres
9.2 Equation of Radiative Transfer
a Specific Intensity and Its Relation to the Density of Photons in Phase Space
b General Equation of Radiative Transfer
c “Creation” Rate and the Source Function
d Physical Meaning of the Source Function
e Special Forms of the Redistribution Function
9.3 Moments of the Radiation Field
a Mean Intensity
b Flux
c Radiation Pressure
9.4 Moments of the Equation of Radiative Transfer
a Radiative Equilibrium and Zeroth Moment of the Equation of Radiative Transfer
b First Moment of the Equation of Radiative Transfer and the Diffusion Approximation
c Eddington Approximation
Chapt 10 Solution of the Equation of Radiative Transfer
10.1 Classical Solution to the Equation of Radiative Transfer and Integral Equations for the Source Function
a Classical Solution of the Equation of Transfer for the Plane-Parallel Atmosphere
b Schwarzschild-Milne Integral Equations
c Limb-darkening in a Stellar Atmosphere
10.2 Gray Atmosphere
a Solution of Schwarzschild-Milne Equations for the Gray Atmosphere
b Solutions for the Gray Atmosphere Utilizing the Eddington Approximation
c Solution by Discrete Ordinates: Wick-Chandrasekhar Method
10.3 Nongray Radiative Transfer
a Solutions of the Nongray Integral Equation for the Source Function
b Differential Equation Approach: The Feautrier Method
10.4 Radiative Transport in a Spherical Atmosphere
a Equation of Radiative Transport in Spherical Coordinates
b An Approach to Solution of the Spherical Radiative Transfer Problem
Chapt 11 Environment of the Radiation Field
11.1 Statistics of the Gas and the Equation of State
a Boltzmann Excitation Formula
b Saha Ionization Equilibrium Equation
11.2 Continuous Opacity
a Hydrogenlike Opacity
b Neutral Helium
c Quasi-atomic and Molecular States
d Important Sources of Continuous Opacity for Main Sequence Stars
11.3 Einstein Coefficients and Stimulated Emission
a Relations among Einstein Coefficients
b Correction of the Mass Absorption Coefficient for Stimulated Emission
11.4 Definitions and Origins of Mean Opacities
a Flux-Weighted (Chandrasekhar) Mean Opacity
b Rosseland Mean Opacity
c Planck Mean Opacity
11.5 Hydrostatic Equilibrium and the Stellar Atmosphere
Chapt 12 The Construction of a Model Stellar Atmosphere
12.1 Statement of the Basic Problem
12.2 Structure of the Atmosphere, Given the Radiation Field
a Choice of the Independent Variable of Atmospheric Depth
b Assumption of Temperature Dependence with Depth
c Solution of the Equation of Hydrostatic Equilibrium
12.3 Calculation of the Radiation Field of the Atmosphere
12.4 Correction of the Temperature Distribution and Radiative Equilibrium
a Lambda Iteration Scheme
b Avrett-Krook Temperature Correction Scheme
12.5 Recapitulation
Chapt 13 Formation of Spectral Lines
13.1 Terms and Definitions Relating to Spectral Lines
a Residual Intensity, Residual Flux, and Equivalent Width
b Selective (True) Absorption and Resonance Scattering
c Equation of Radiative Transfer for Spectral Line Radiation
13.2 Transfer of Line Radiation through the Atmosphere
a Schuster-Schwarzschild Model Atmosphere for Scattering Lines
b Milne-Eddington Model Atmosphere for the Formation of Spectral Lines
Chapt 14 Shape of Spectral Lines
14.1 Relation between the Einstein, Mass Absorption, and Atomic Absorption Coefficients
14.2 Natural or Radiation Broadening
a Classical Radiation Damping
b Quantum Mechanical Description of Radiation Damping
c Ladenburg f-value
14.3 Doppler Broadening of Spectral Lines
a Microscopic Doppler Broadening
b Macroscopic Doppler Broadening
14.4 Collisional Broadening
a Impact Phase-Shift Theory
b Static (Statistical) Broadening Theory
14.5 Curve of Growth of the Equivalent Width
a Schuster-Schwarzschild Curve of Growth
b More Advanced Models for the Curve of Growth
c Uses of the Curve of Growth
Chapt 15 Breakdown of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
15.1 Phenomena Which Produce Departures from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
a Principle of Detailed Balancing
b Interlocking
c Collisional versus Photoionization
15.2 Rate Equations for Statistical Equilibrium
a Two-Level Atom
b Two-Level Atom plus Continuum
c Multilevel Atom
d Thermalization Length
15.3 Non-LTE Transfer of Radiation and the Redistribution Function
a Complete Redistribution
b Hummer Redistribution Functions
15.4 Line Blanketing and Its Inclusion in the construction of Model Stellar Atmospheres and Its Inclusion in the Construction of Model Stellar Atmospheres
a Opacity Sampling
b Opacity Distribution Functions
Chapt 16 Beyond the Normal Stellar Atmosphere
16.1 Illuminated Stellar Atmospheres
a Effects of Incident Radiation on the Atmospheric Structure
b Effects of Incident Radiation on the Stellar Spectra
16.2 Transfer of Polarized Radiation
a Representation of a Beam of Polarized Light and the Stokes Parameters
b Equations of Transfer for the Stokes
c Solution of the Equations of Radiative Transfer for Polarized Light.
d Approximate Formulas for the Degree of Emergent Polarization
e Implications of the Transfer of Polarization for Stellar Atmospheres
16.3 Extended Atmospheres and the Formation of Stellar Winds
a Interaction of the Radiation Field with the Stellar Wind
b Flow of Radiation and the Stellar Wind
Download : link
