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Ice Engineering

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TOC

Chapt 1

PART I: ICE PROPERTIES, PROCESSES, AND PROBLEM

Chapt 2 Review of Ice Processes and Properties
Introduction Physical Properties of Ice and Fresh Water
Mechanical Properties of Freshwater Ice
Frazil Ice
Thermal Ice Growth Dynamic Ice Cover Formation
Ice Cover Breakup

Chapt 3 Ice Control for Flood Damage Reduction and Hydropower
Section I. Nonstructural Ice Control
Introduction Mechanical Measures to Reduce the Risk of Ice Jam Formation
Thermal Measures to Reduce the Risk of Ice Jam Formation
Chemical Measures to Reduce the Risk of Ice Jam Formation
Breaking Ice Jams Cost and Performance of Nonstructural Measures
Case Study
Discussion
Section II. Structural Ice Control
Introduction Sheet Ice Retention Structures
Breakup Ice Control Structures
Design of Breakup Ice Control Structures
Ice Diversion Structures

Chapt 4 Hydraulic Computations and Modeling of Ice-Covered
Introduction
Section I. Modeling River Ice Covers
General Modeling Ice Covers with Known Geometry
Modeling Wide-River Ice Jams
Roughness of the Ice Accumulation
Limitations of Ice Modeling
Section II. The ICETHK Model
General Ice covers with Known Geometry
Equilibrium Ice Jam Theory and ICETHK
Ice in Overbank Areas
Structure and Operation of ICETHK
Section III. The HEC-RAS Model
General Ice Covers with Known Geometry
Ice Jam Thickness Calculation
Solution Procedure

Chapt 5 Ice-Affected Stage-Frequency Analysis
Introduction Ice Effects on River Stage and Flooding
Data Sources
Form of Frequency Analysis
Approaches for Developing Ranked Data Tabulations

Chapt 6 Ice Force on Structures
Introduction
Mechanical Properties of Ice
Environmental Forces
Forces Limited by Ice Failure
Forces Limited by the Momentum of an Ice Feature
Canadian and American Codes
Vertical Ice Forces

Chapt 7 Sediment Transport
Introduction
Ice-Cover Influence On Flow Distribution
Sediment Transport by Ice
Sediment Transport Under Ice
Ice Influences on Channel Morphology

Chapt 8 Bearing Capacity of Floating Ice Sheets
Introduction Bearing Capacity of Ice Blocks
Bearing Capacity of Floating Ice Sheets
Analytical Methods for Short-Term Loads
Empirical Methods for Short-Term Loads
Moving Loads Long-Term Loads

Chapt 9 Model Tests in Ice
General General Similitude Considerations
Undistorted Models
Distorted Models
Model Ice
Materials Model
Calibration Considerations in Choosing Modeling

PART II: ICE JAMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Chapt 10 Ice Jam Flooding in the United States
General Ice jam flooding
Ice jam flood losses
Ice Jam Database

Chapt 11 An Ice Jam Primer
Review of Ice Types
Types of Ice Jams
Causes of Ice Jams
Predicting Ice Jams

Chapt 12 Ice Jam Mitigation Techniques
Ice Jam Flood Control
Types of Mitigation Measures
Selecting Mitigation Measures
Permanent Measures
Advance Measures
Emergency Management for Ice Jam Flooding
Emergency Measures
Case Studies
PART III: WINTER NAVIGATION ON INLAND WATERWAYS

Chapt 13 River Ice Management Study
Section I. Study Concept
Elements
Section II. Study Elements
River System Definition
Ice Problem Identification
Ice Forecasting
Structural Solutions
Operational Solutions
Recommended Plan

Chapt 14 River Ice Problem Identification
Surveys Needed
Hydrology and Hydraulic Studies
Identification of Ice Problems
Ice Problems Around Navigation Projects
Ice Problems Occurring Between Navigation Projects

Chapt 15 Ice Forecasting
General Section I. Long-term water temperature forecasts
Section II. Mid-winter ice forecasts
Objectives
Forecast Model Description
Hydraulic Model Description
Thermal Model Description
Ice Model Description System Parameters Physical Parameters
Initial Conditions
Boundary Conditions
Model Output Model Calibration
Model Operation
Location of Field Measurement Sites
Initial Conditions Generator
Boundary Conditions Generator
Modes of Operation
Model Results

Chapt 16 Ice-related Hydrometeorological Data Collection
Introduction
Existing Instrumentation and Observation Methods
Stage Measurements
Discharge
Air and Water Temperature
Ice Thickness
Ice Movement and Velocity
Ice Extent and Concentration
Systems for Transmitting River Ice Data

Chapt 17 Navigation in Ice
Introduction
Environment
Vessel shape
Auxiliary Icebreaking Devices

Chapt 18 Ice Control for Navigation
Introduction
Section I. Ice Control in Navigation Channels
Nonstructural Ice Control in Navigation Channels
Structural Ice Control in Navigation Channels
Section II. Floating Ice Dispersion
Introduction High-Flow Air Systems
Air System Components
Effectiveness of the Air Systems
Design of a High-Flow Air System
Flow Inducers
Section IIl. Ice Passage Through Navigation Projects
Introduction Submergible Tainter Gates
Roller Gates Conventional Tainter Gates
Gate Limitations in Winter
Other Ice Passage Schemes
Section IV. Anti-Icing and Deicing at Navigation Projects
Introduction Providing Electricity for Heating to Locks and Dams
Mechanical Removal of Ice from Lock Walls
Surface Treatments to Reduce Ice Adhesion

Chapt 19 Operational Solutions
Section I. Vessel Scheduling or Convoying
Introduction Operational Choices
Transit Scheduling Or Convoying
Section II. Operational Techniques at Locks and
Introduction Physical Ice Removal Methods Used at Locks
Methods Used at Dams
Section III. Operational Use of Thermal Resources
Introduction Man-Made Energy Sources
Unconventional Energy Sources

Chapt 20 Control of Icing on Hydraulic Structures
Introduction Heating of Components
Controlling Water Leakage by Seals
Surface Treatments to Reduce Ice Adhesion
Mechanical Removal of Ice

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