Core Knowledge on Instrumentation and Control Systems in Nuclear Power Plants
by IAEA
TOC
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OVERVIEW OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
2.1. Significance of I&C systems
2.1.1. Safety
2.1.2. Economics
2.1.3. Overall impact
2.2. Challenges posed by I&C technology
2.3. Functional approach
2.3.1. Functional view on I&C
2.3.2. Specifics of NPP I&C stemming from nuclear safety considerations
2.3.3. I&C design
2.4. Physical approach
2.4.1. Process interfaces
2.4.2. Field communication
2.4.3. Cabling, penetrations, junction boxes
2.4.4. Process monitoring and control systems
2.4.5. High level communication
2.4.6. Human interaction elements
2.4.7. Simulators
2.5. Life cycle approach
2.5.1. Project preparation phase
2.5.2. I&C design phase
2.5.3. Qualification of I&C equipment
2.5.4. Managing the manufacturer or supplier scope
2.5.5. I&C systems on-site
2.5.6. Training
2.5.7. Operations and maintenance
2.5.8. I&C modifications
3. CURRENT CHALLENGES
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Introduction of new technologies
3.2.1. Transition from analog to digital technology
3.2.2. Rapid evolution of digital technologies
3.2.3. Human interaction issues and hybrid control rooms
3.2.4. Qualification of new technologies and components
3.3. Safety, security and licensing-driven issues
3.3.1. The defence in depth principle
3.3.2. Protection against common cause failures
3.3.3. Verification and validation of software
3.3.4. Digital communications and networks
3.3.5. Cyber security
3.3.6. Configuration management
3.4. Harmonization of standards and licensing practices
3.4.1. Harmonization of standards
3.4.2. Harmonization of the licensing practices
3.5. Economic driven issues
3.5.1. On-line monitoring
3.5.2. Power uprating
3.5.3. Obsolescence
3.5.4. Impact of I&C systems on plant operational performance
3.6. Ageing
3.6.1. The need for ageing management
3.6.2. Plant cabling
3.7. Knowledge management
3.7.1. Knowledge management and knowledge preservation
3.7.2. Knowledge management related to I&C for NPPs
3.8. Infrastructure development for new nuclear power programmes
3.8.1. General aspects
3.8.2. Interfacing nuclear power plants with the electric grid
3.8.3. I&C infrastructure
4. CONCLUSIONS
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